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# python基础合集
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2025-05-10 09:56:15 +08:00
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## index
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- [程序之始](#run)
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- [IO](#io)
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- [格式化输出](#)
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- [字符串](#string)
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- [DEBUG](#debug)
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- [变量](#)
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- [数值类型](#)
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## run
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`if __name__ == '__main__'` 判断程序是否在主函数内(区别与模块等)
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## io
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`print(values, sep, end)` 值, 分割符, 结尾符
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> `print("hello", sep=',', end='_')`
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> `print('%8d'%a1, '\n')`
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a1 = int(input("input:")) # input
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a, b = map(int, input().split()) # 读取输入分割并转化
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### 格式化输出
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1. 占位符
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+ `%`
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+ `format()`
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+ `格式化f`
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> example
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`print("%4d" % a)`
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## string
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字符串可以用单引号或者双引号
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三引号可以跨行
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> example
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```python
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print('''Hello
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world''')
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```
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```
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s = str("Hello world")
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print(s[3])
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print(s[-3])
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print(s[0:3]) # 字符串切片
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print(s[3:])
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print(s[:5])
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print(s[:-5])
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print(s[::-1]) # 倒序
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len(s) # 计算长度
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s.find('w')
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s.count('l')
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s.replace('H','h') # H变成h
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s.casefold() # 大写转小写
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s.upper() # 小写转大写
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s.swapcase() # 转换大小写
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eval('12+3') # 计算值 返回15
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```
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## debug
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1. pdb
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`import pdb; pdb.set_trace()` 程序运行到这行代码时会进入调试模式
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+ n(next):执行下一行代码。
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+ c(continue):继续运行直到遇到下一个断点。
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+ q(quit):退出调试。
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+ p <变量>:打印变量的值。
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+ l(list):显示当前代码上下文。
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+ b <行号>:设置断点。
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+ cl(clear):清除断点。
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```
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def add(a, b):
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import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # 从这里进入断点调试
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return a + b
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print(add(3,5))
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```
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## 变量
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name = value
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### 数值类型
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+ int
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+ float
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+ bool True = 1 False = 0
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+ complex
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+ [str](#string)
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type()
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