2025-02-27 22:25:34 +08:00
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# c with cpp io
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2025-05-09 18:07:44 +08:00
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# INDEX
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- [标准IO流](#IOstream)
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- [C](#C)
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- [格式化IO](#格式化IO)
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- [字符IO](#charIO)
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- [Cstring](#Cstring)
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- [C二进制IO](#Cbin)
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- [C文件操作](#C-FILE)
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- [error](#c-error)
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- [cpp stdio](#cpp stdio)
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- [cpp fio](#cpp fio)
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- [关闭缓冲区读取](#../linux/ncurses.c)
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- [ANSI](#./ansi.md)
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2025-02-27 22:25:34 +08:00
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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---
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## **IOstream**
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+ stdin
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+ stdout
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+ stderr
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---
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## **C**
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2025-02-27 22:25:34 +08:00
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`#include <stdio.h>`
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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---
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### 格式化IO
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- scanf 格式化输入函数
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- printf 格式化输出函数
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- fscanf 格式化输入函数(第一个参数是`FILE *stream`)
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- fprintf 格式化输出函数(第一个参数是`FILE *stream`)
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2025-02-27 22:25:34 +08:00
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__控制符__
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+ %d %nd %ld %x %o 整数
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+ %f %n.mf %lf 浮点数
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+ %c
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+ %s
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+ %p ptr
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---
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### charIO
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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+ IN
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|function prototype |remark |
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|--------------------------|-------------------------------------|
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|`int getchar(void)` |宏,标准IO |
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|`int getc(FILE *stream)` |宏,所有流 |
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|`int fgetc(FILE *stream)` |真正的函数 |
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|`int ungetc(int c,FILE *stream)`|将一个字符返回流中 |
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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+ OUT
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|function prototype |remark |
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|--------------------------|-------------------------------------|
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|`int putchar(int c)` |宏,标准IO |
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|`int putc(int c,FILE *stream)`|宏,所有流 |
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|`int fputc(int c,FILE *stream)`|真正的函数 |
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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---
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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### Cstring
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|function prototype |remark |
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|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
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|`char *fgets(char *s,int size,FILE *stream)` |到达行尾(包含换行符),EOF,size-1返回|
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|`int fputs(const char *restrict s, FILE *restrict stream)`|不在后添加换行符 |
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---
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### Cbin
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`size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);`
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+ size 读写的块大小
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+ nmemb 读写的块数量
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`size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);`
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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### C-FILE
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- `FILE *fp` 文件指针
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- `FILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);` 错误返回NULL
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- `int fclose(FILE *stream);` 关闭文件 返回0为正常关闭
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- `FILE *tmpfile(void)` 创建一个临时文件,返回一个'wb+'模式的文件指针
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- `char *tmpnam(char *name)` 创建一个临时文件名,最长`L_tmpnam`
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- `int remove(const char *pathname)` 删除一个文件
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- `int rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname)` 修改文件名字
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**mode**
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+ "r" 读
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+ "w" 写,截0,新建
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+ "a" 写,尾+,新建
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+ "r+" 读写
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+ "w+" 读写,截0,新建
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+ "a+" 读写,仅尾+,新建
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+ "b" 搭配表二进制,仅win
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`long ftell(FILE *stream);` 获取当前文件指针位置
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`int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);` 移动文件指针
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+ offset 移动字节数
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+ whence 参考位置
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+ `SEEK_SET` 文件头
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+ `SEEK_CUR` 当前位置
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+ `SEEK_END` 文件尾
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`int fflush(FILE *stream);` 刷新缓冲区
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`int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int mode, size_t size);` 设置缓冲区,return 0
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+ buf 设置的缓冲区
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+ mode
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- `_IOFBF` 完全缓冲
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- `_IOLBF` 行缓冲
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- `_IONBF` 无缓冲
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+ size 指定缓冲区的大小,无缓冲时无效
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---
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## c-error
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- `void perror(const char *message);`
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- 打印message并在后面根据errno错误码生成错误信息
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- errno全局变量定义于`<errno.h>`,仅在发生错误时被设置
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- `int ferror(FILE *stream);` 流异常时return非0
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- `int feof(FILE *stream)` 文件尾时返回真
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- `void clearerr(FILE *stream)` 重置错误位
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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---
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2025-02-27 22:25:34 +08:00
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## cpp stdio
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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> 头文件
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#include <iostream>
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`ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);` 关闭缓冲加速
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>
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```cpp
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cin.get(c); //返回一个流引用
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c = cin.get(); //返回char,略快
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cin.get(str, 100, '\n'); //读入字符串
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cin.width(10); //设置场宽
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```
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>
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```cpp
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std::flush // 立即刷新缓冲区
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std::endl // 换行加刷新
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```
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________________________________________________
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2025-04-23 13:36:24 +08:00
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## file IO
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> 头文件
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#include <fstream>
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```cpp
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//文件流的创建 打开 关闭
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fstream fin;
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fstream fout;
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fin.open("in");
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fout.open("out");
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fin.close();
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fout.close();
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/*
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open函数的原型如下:
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void open(char const *,int filemode,int =filebuf::openprot);
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它有3个参数,第1个是要打开的文件名,第2个是文件的打开方式,第3个是文件的保护方式,一般都使用默认值。
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第2个参数可以取如下所示的值:
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打开方式 解释
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ios::in 打开文件进行读操作,这种方式可避免删除现存文件的内容
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ios::out 打开文件进行写操作,这是默认模式
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ios::ate 打开一个已有的输入或输出文件并查找到文件尾开始
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ios::app 在文件尾追加方式写文件
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ios::binary 指定文件以二进制方式打开,默认为文本方式
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ios::trunc 如文件存在,将其长度截断为零并清除原有内容,如果文件存在先删除,再创建
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除ios_base::app方式之外,文件刚刚打开时当前读写位置的文件指针都定位于文件的开始位置,而ios_base::app使文件当前的写指针定位于文件尾
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函数 功能
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bad() 如果进行非法操作,返回true,否则返回false
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clear() 设置内部错误状态,如果用缺省参量调用则清除所有错误位
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eof() 如果提取操作已经到达文件尾,则返回true,否则返回false
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good() 如果没有错误条件和没有设置文件结束标志,返回true,否则返回false
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fail() 与good相反,操作失败返回false,否则返回true
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is_open() 判定流对象是否成功地与文件关联,若是,返回true,否则返回false
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*/
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// 二进制文件读写
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fin.write((char*)&data, sizeof data);
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fin.read((char*)&data, sizeof data);
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/*
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随机存取
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seekg(pos,ios::);
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seekg(pos);
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seekp(pos,ios::);
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seekp(pos);
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tellg();
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tellp();
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文件位置
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ios::beg
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ios::cur
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ios::end
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*/
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```
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