FIX: C IO
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# 目录
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- [c stdio](# c stdio)
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- [c fio](# c fio)
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- [cpp stdio](# cpp stdio)
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- [cpp fio](# cpp fio)
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- [关闭缓冲区读取](# ../linux/ncurses.c)
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- [标准IO流](# IOstream)
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- [C](# C)
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- [格式化IO](# 格式化IO)
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- [字符IO](# charIO)
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- [Cstring](# Cstring)
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- [C二进制IO](# Cbin)
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- [C文件操作](# C-FILE)
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- [error](# c-error)
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- [cpp stdio](# cpp stdio)
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- [cpp fio](# cpp fio)
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- [关闭缓冲区读取](# ../linux/ncurses.c)
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- [ANSI](# ./ansi.md)
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## c stdio
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---
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## **IOstream**
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+ stdin
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+ stdout
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+ stderr
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---
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## **C**
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> 头文件
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`#include <stdio.h>`
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> scanf 格式化输入函数
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printf 格式化输出函数
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---
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### 格式化IO
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- scanf 格式化输入函数
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- printf 格式化输出函数
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- fscanf 格式化输入函数(第一个参数是`FILE *stream`)
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- fprintf 格式化输出函数(第一个参数是`FILE *stream`)
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__控制符__
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+ %d %nd %ld %x %o 整数
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+ %f %n.mf %lf 浮点数
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@ -23,45 +46,61 @@ __控制符__
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+ %s
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+ %p ptr
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> 文件流
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+ stdin
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+ stdout
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+ stderr
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---
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`int getchar(void);`
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`int putchar(int c);`
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### charIO
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`int getc(FILE *stream);` getchar() 文件版
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`int putc(int c, FILE *stream);`
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+ IN
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|function prototype |remark |
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|--------------------------|-------------------------------------|
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|`int getchar(void)` |宏,标准IO |
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|`int getc(FILE *stream)` |宏,所有流 |
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|`int fgetc(FILE *stream)` |真正的函数 |
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|`int ungetc(int c,FILE *stream)`|将一个字符返回流中 |
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`char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);`
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+ 换行符后(包含换行符)
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+ 文件尾
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+ size-1
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`fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);` **不添加换行符**
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+ OUT
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|function prototype |remark |
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|--------------------------|-------------------------------------|
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|`int putchar(int c)` |宏,标准IO |
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|`int putc(int c,FILE *stream)`|宏,所有流 |
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|`int fputc(int c,FILE *stream)`|真正的函数 |
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---
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### Cstring
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|function prototype |remark |
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|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
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|`char *fgets(char *s,int size,FILE *stream)` |到达行尾(包含换行符),EOF,size-1返回|
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|`int fputs(const char *restrict s, FILE *restrict stream)`|不在后添加换行符 |
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---
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### Cbin
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`size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);`
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+ size 读写的块大小
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+ nmemb 读写的块数量
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`size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);`
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### C-FILE
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## c fio
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`FILE *fp` 文件指针
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`FILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);` 错误返回NULL
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`int fclose(FILE *stream);` 关闭文件 返回0为正常关闭
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- `FILE *fp` 文件指针
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- `FILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);` 错误返回NULL
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- `int fclose(FILE *stream);` 关闭文件 返回0为正常关闭
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- `FILE *tmpfile(void)` 创建一个临时文件,返回一个'wb+'模式的文件指针
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- `char *tmpnam(char *name)` 创建一个临时文件名,最长`L_tmpnam`
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- `int remove(const char *pathname)` 删除一个文件
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- `int rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname)` 修改文件名字
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**mode**
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+ "r" 读
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+ "w" 写，截0，新建
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+ "a" 写，尾+，新建
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+ "r+" 读写
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+ "w+" 读写，截0，新建
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+ "a+" 读写，仅尾+，新建
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+ "b" 搭配表二进制，仅win
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+ "r" 读
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+ "w" 写，截0，新建
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+ "a" 写，尾+，新建
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+ "r+" 读写
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+ "w+" 读写，截0，新建
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+ "a+" 读写，仅尾+，新建
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+ "b" 搭配表二进制，仅win
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`long ftell(FILE *stream);` 获取当前文件指针位置
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`int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);` 移动文件指针
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@ -73,15 +112,26 @@ __控制符__
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`int fflush(FILE *stream);` 刷新缓冲区
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`int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int mode, size_t size);` 设置缓冲区,return 0
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+ buf 设置的缓冲区
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+ mode
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+ buf 设置的缓冲区
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+ mode
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- `_IOFBF` 完全缓冲
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- `_IOLBF` 行缓冲
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- `_IONBF` 无缓冲
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+ size 指定缓冲区的大小，无缓冲时无效
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+ size 指定缓冲区的大小，无缓冲时无效
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`int ferror(FILE *stream);` 流异常时return非0
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---
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## c-error
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- `void perror(const char *message);`
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- 打印message并在后面根据errno错误码生成错误信息
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- errno全局变量定义于`<errno.h>`,仅在发生错误时被设置
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- `int ferror(FILE *stream);` 流异常时return非0
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- `int feof(FILE *stream)` 文件尾时返回真
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- `void clearerr(FILE *stream)` 重置错误位
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---
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## cpp stdio
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