57 lines
1.2 KiB
Markdown
57 lines
1.2 KiB
Markdown
# c风格字符串
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`#include <cstring>`
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---
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## INDEX
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- [字符串库函数](# std-string)
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- [内存操作标准库函数](# std-mem)
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- [与string容器转换](# to-string)
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---
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## **std-string**
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```c
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strcpy(buf1, "hello"); // 用后面的字符串覆盖前面的字符串
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strncpy(buf1, "hello", 5); // 增加指定长度
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strcat(buf1, "hello"); // 连接字符串
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strncat(buf1, "hello", 5);
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strcmp(buf1, "hello"); // 比较字符串,相等返回0
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strlen(buf1); // 返回长度,不包括'\0'
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strstr(buf1, "hello"); // 返回第一次出现子串的指针
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strtok(buf1, " "); // 分割字符串,返回分割过的字符串
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```
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___注:未进行长度指定的函数有溢出风险 例如:strcpy___
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---
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## **std-mem**
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- 内存操作函数与str系的最大不同是不检测EOF
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```c
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memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));//覆写内存块
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memcpy(buf1, "hello", 5); //复制内存块,不处理内存重叠
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memmove(buf1 + 1, buf1, 4); //移动5个字节到前一个位置,可处理重叠
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```
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- `int memcmp(const void *ptr1, const void *ptr2, size_t num);`
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- 比较函数,返回0表示相等
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---
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## 两种转换
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```cpp
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string str1;
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const char* str2 = str1.c_str();
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const char* str3;
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string str4(str3);
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```
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